1. The Tower of London While originally built in the late 11th century by William the Conqueror, the Tower of London continued to play a crucial role in English royal power during the Hundred Years’ War. It was both a royal residence and a fortress, symbolizing the strength of the English c

Before delving into specific palaces, it is important to understand the general role royal palaces played in medieval Europe. A palace was the official residence of a monarch or noble and served multiple functions: Political and Administrative Center: Royal palaces were hubs where the king

The Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a protracted conflict between the Kingdoms of England and France that fundamentally shaped medieval European politics, warfare, and culture. It was not only a war of armies and battles but also a war fought in courts and palaces, where kings, queens

The post-industrial era brought significant economic challenges to Northern England. The decline of traditional industries in the late 20th century led to unemployment, social upheaval, and migration. However, the region’s spirit of innovation and solidarity endured. Northern cities have re